Capitalization in Finance
What is Capitalization Capitalization comprises of share capital, debentures, loans, free reserves,etc. Capitalization represents permanent investment in companies excluding long-term loans. Capitalization can be distinguished from capital structure. Capital structure is a broad term and it deals with qualitative aspect of finance. While capitalization is a narrow term and it deals with the quantitative aspect. […]
Growth of B2B Exchanges
Decades ago the introduction of MRP and ERP system revolutionized the concept of manufacturing across all industries. All aspects of business including procurement, production, inventory management, logistics, sales and marketing as well as finance were touched or rather integrated by the ERP systems. ERP systems aligned all business functions into a seamless process and the […]
The TikTok Business Model
When we talk about social media, we often refer to companies like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. However, in the past few years, another company has emerged as a huge player in the social media space. This company has created an application that is known for having high levels of user engagement. The application being […]
Principles of Job Evaluation
Job evaluation as evident from the word itself aims at evaluating the job and not the person. It is a process of evaluating and determining the value of the job for an organisation. The evaluation is always in relative and not absolute terms. The idea is evaluate a certain job against other jobs in the […]
Leadership Strategy – Which Leadership Style to Follow?
Without an effective leadership strategy, it is believed, that the organizational strategies do not work. Best players in a team do not guarantee success without a great coach, similarly, work teams may not function effectively if leaders do not follow an appropriate leadership strategy. To understand leadership styles here are three scenarios: Scenario 1 – […]
The job begins with a quotation given to a client. For the client, all that matters in the quotation are the costs involved. However, for the contractor, quotation is almost a research document. Giving out quotations requires estimation. Contractors usually have fixed methodologies for estimating these costs. A study of past quotations can tell if the contractor has been making the estimations correctly or have they over or under priced certain jobs.
Sales order is document which signifies that the client has accepted the quotation. Work on a job can only be started only after the sales order has been received by the concerned department. Without the sales order, resources will not be allocated to this job.
A job cost sheet tracks the costs as and when they are incurred throughout the job. The costs are updated regularly as and when they are incurred. Out of these, labor and material costs are actual costs whereas overheads are estimates. The company may have to correct its estimates of overhead allocation later.
Material requisition forms help track where the material is being used. Since the material requisition form specifies the exact job for which material is being used, material costs can be accurately recorded. In the absence of material requisition form there will be immense confusion over which material was used for which job and what was the cost of that material.
Companies also keep a track of the freight charges that they have incurred for a specific job. Each freight ticket needs to be authorized with a job code and the costs must be added to the job cost sheet. In the absence of these tickets allocation of these costs will be a problem.
Labor tickets track the time that different laborers with different skill level have spent on the job. Based on this information, the labor cost can easily be allocated to different jobs.
Invoice is the document which signifies the completion of a job as requested by the client. When the invoice is accepted by the client, the contractor can consider the job complete. It is here that the contractors are legally allowed to recognize the revenues as well as the costs that were incurred in the job. Based on when the customer is paying, the cash account or the accounts receivable amount needs to be debited.
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