How Risks Affect Companies Providing Financial Services
Risk management, as a concept, is studied and implemented across all industries. Over the years, even companies with the most mundane business have started implementing risk management practices. However, there is no denying the fact that risk management as a discipline is more applicable to the financial services industry than to any other industry. The […]
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) vs Traditional Risk Management
Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a buzzword that has been doing rounds in the risk management field for the past few years. It is often used by managers in a context that implies that it is wider in scope than the traditional risk management function. However, the number of risk management professionals who do not […]
What is Agile Methodology and Its Game Changing Promise for the Digital Age
Introduction to the Agile Methodology These days, there’s much buzz around what is known as Agile Method of Working or the Agile Methodology as applied to all types of organizational processes and modes of working. While initially, Agile was introduced for the Software and Technology Development and Release cycles, it has now become a method […]
Types of Managerial Communication
Managerial communication refers to interaction among managers and their subordinates within an organization. It is essential for managers to communicate with their team members and vice a versa to ensure maximum productivity and peace at workplace. Communication generally takes place as: Downward communication – Flow of information from managers to employees Upward Communication – Flow […]
Skills Required for Effective Managerial Communication
An individual needs to possess certain skills for effective managerial communication. Let us go through various skills required for effective managerial communication: Body Language and overall personality of an individual play an essential role in effective communication. It is essential for managers to express their thoughts in a positive way. Remember shouting at team members […]
Models of public relations were proposed by James E. Grunig, a noted public relations theorist who has to his credit several books, articles, chapters and awards in the field of public relations.
According to James E.Grunig, there are four models of public Relations:
Press Agentry Publicity model is also called P.T Barnum model. Press Agentry Publicity model follows one way communication where the flow of information is only from the sender to the receiver. The sender is not much concerned about the second party’s feedback, reviews and so on.
In Press Agentry publicity model, public relations experts enhance the reputation of the organization among the target audiences, stakeholders, employees, partners, investors and all others associated with it through manipulation.
According to this model, organizations hire public relations experts who create a positive image of their brand in the minds of target audiences through arguments and reasoning. They influence their potential customers by simply imposing their ideas, thoughts, creative stories of their brand, USPs of the products and so on.
Flow of information takes place only from the public relations experts to the target audiences. (One way communication)
As the names suggests public information model, emphasizes on maintaining and enhancing the image of an organization simply by circulating relevant and meaningful information among the target audience/public.
Public relations experts depend on press release, news release, video release or any other recorded communication often directed at the media to circulate information about their brand among the public.
Newsletters, brochures, magazines with information about the organization, its key people, products, benefits of the products, testimonials, success stories are distributed at regular intervals among target audiences for brand positioning.
In such a model, public relations experts need to be creative and ought to have a flair for writing. They should be really good at putting their thoughts into meaningful words which influence the customers and end-users.
Public information model also revolves around one way communication where information primarily flows from sender(organization and public relations experts) to the receiver(target audience, employees, stake holders, employees, investors and so on).
Two way asymmetrical model of public relations revolves around two way communication between both the parties but the communication is somewhat not balanced.
In this type of model, public relations experts position their organization and brand on the whole in the minds of their target audiences through manipulation and force the public to behave the same way they would want them to do.
In two way asymmetrical model of public relations, organizations do not utilize much of their manpower and resources to find out the reaction of the stakeholders, investors or for that matter public.
Two way symmetrical model of public relations is an ideal way of enhancing an organization’s reputation among the target audience. According to two way symmetrical model, public relations experts depend on two way communication to position their brand among end-users.
Free flow of information takes place between the organization and its stake holders, employees, investors and vice-a-versa. Conflicts and misunderstandings are resolved through mutual discussions and communication.
A two way communication takes place between both the parties and information flows in its desired form. The feedback from stakeholders and target audiences are also taken into consideration.
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