Do’s and Dont’s during ERP Implementation
ERP systems are complex, time consuming and expensive. Instances of failure of ERP projects abound including some high ticket failures such as Hershey, (largest chocolate maker of USA), where a SAP implementation was abandoned after three years. There are various “Dos” and “Dont’s” effecting success or failures of an ERP implementation. Some of critical success […]
Increasing Exports through Free Trade Zones (FTZ)
Countries have long since realized the importance of furthering their interest by supporting the International Trade and Exports from in house and actively supporting the industries to become globally competitive. Besides this objective, many governments also aim to promote Foreign Direct Investment into the country and encourage Multi National Companies to set shop and manufacture […]
Value Analysis: An Applied Concept for Manufacturing and Service Industry
Introduction All organizations strive to create value for their customers. This value creates mind space for product and services. Value analysis, therefore, is a scientific method to increase this value. Value is a perception hence every customer will have their own perceptions on how they define value. However, overall at the highest level, value is […]
Facility Location – Factors Influencing the Location
Facility Location is the right location for the manufacturing facility, it will have sufficient access to the customers, workers, transportation, etc. For commercial success, and competitive advantage following are the critical factors: Overall objective of an organization is to satisfy and delight customers with its product and services. Therefore, for an organization it becomes important […]
Causes of Measurement Variation
The purpose of measurement system is to validate the measurements before they are considered as factual data and used as a basis for decision making. Any experienced Six Sigma executive knows the reality that the measurement system is nowhere nearly as good as you think it is. People who conduct the measurement system analysis for […]
Users interface directly impact usability of an ERP system. A properly designed user interface provides proper accessibility to the intended functions of the system and enables execution of transactions. Earlier users accessed the system with dumb terminals (ASCII) which had lot of usability deficiencies and this led to subsequent adoption of Graphical Users Interface (often with look and feel of MS Windows) during 1990s. With the advent of internet technology, user interface further evolved to enterprise portal, which provides easy access between internet client and application server.
Internet based User Interface: This is the most popular type of users interface at present due to convenience in accessing the ERP applications even from a remote location. Maintenance by system administrator is also easier, as they need not go to individual desktop or use any additional software distribution software, for the purpose of maintenance. The Internet server application is used as a gateway between the Internet client (IC) and the application server in order to expose the ERP functionality to the Internet domain.
The internet user interface architecture is depicted in the following diagram:
The HTTP-server security mechanisms are used to offer secure access to the HTML-page that contains the Java applet.
User Management: User management functionality is used to create user, provide user login and password and to give authorizations to the users. The user’s authorizations are dependent on their role in a company. To be able to work with ERP applications, users must have some sort of session authorization, database authorization, and library authorization. During installation of ERP, some default roles are automatically created. The default roles make sure that users can use the menu browser and its associated functions and commands.
Users Type: There are various types of users for an ERP package which can be broadly classified as under:
Role dependent users’ authorization: From a user point of view, a role represents a function in an organization. In ERP, a role represents a set of authorizations for a function in a company (database). User authorizations that are defined per role instead of per user significantly reduce the redundant data. The authorizations for normal users are therefore defined in roles to which they can be linked. The role concept provides a user-friendly method to quickly add new users or to update user authorizations.
Because an employee can have more than one function in a company, more than one role may be assigned to the user. A role can also contain more than one sub-role, which can also have sub-roles. All these roles and sub-roles form a role tree, which can be viewed with a role browser. The role browser shows the role tree in a graphical user interface.
Role-dependent authorizations can be defined at the following component levels in an ERP system:
The non-role-dependent authorizations: In addition to these role-dependent authorizations, some additional authorizations can be specified that are not defined by the employee’s role, for example, the development parameters, device preferences, and so on. These non-role-dependent authorizations are defined in templates to reduce redundant data, which then can be linked to the user profile.
These templates pertaining to non role dependent authorization can be divided into the following categories:
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