Cross Border Credit Reporting
February 12, 2025
In the previous articles, we have already studied the difference between defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. We now know that defined-benefit plans promise to pay the retiree a fixed nominal amount whereas defined contribution plans promise to pay the retirees the worth of their investment portfolios. There is a big difference between the […]
If mere numbers are considered, Panaya is a small blip on the radar of the global Information technology behemoth Infosys. The deal is valued at only $316 million dollars which is not even 1% of the valuation of Infosys. However, this Panaya acquisition has shaken the company to its core. It has created a rift […]
Credit cards have become an increasingly important part of every consumer’s finances. Banks now have more credit card customers than they have savings bank accounts. However, the product is relatively new. As a result, banks may not have anticipated the scale to which this business would grow. They are therefore working on with a rudimentary […]
In the previous article, we have already seen what straight-through processing is and how it is different from the usual commercial lending processes adopted by commercial banks. We now know that straight-through processing is a futuristic technology-based business model which all commercial banks are working towards. Right now, the model is not used in many […]
Commodities are like stocks and other securities. There values could theoretically go up and down over the long term. Some experts have been suggesting that the future holds a particularly good time to be invested in commodities. They believe that there are several demographic factors which make commodities a more preferable investment as compared to […]
The cost of equity concept is very important when it comes to valuing shares on the stock market. Equity, like all other investment classes expects a compensation to be paid to its investors. The problem however is that unlike debt and other classes the cost of equity is never really straightforward. You can look at the interest rates that you are paying and you will straight away know what the cost of debt for your company is. However, the cost of equity is implied. Equity holders take the residual value that has been left from the profits. So it is not directly available.
However, for valuation purposes, the cost of equity is required. Without having the cost of equity and adding it to the discount rate, we will use a lower discount rate that does not reflect the riskiness of the investment. This may lead to selection of the wrong investments. So, this article provides a basis about how we can calculate the cost of equity.
There are two methods to calculating the cost of equity. One is the method that we are about to discuss now and the other is called the “Capital Asset Pricing Model”. That will be discussed in a later article in the same module.
Assumes Market Price Is Correct:
In this method, we will begin with the assumption that the market price is correct. Now, we already know that the market price is nothing but the discounted value of all the future dividends that the company will pay, we can consider the market price to be the value of a perpetuity. Using the perpetuity formula, we can then express the market price as:
Market Price = Dividend (Next Year)/Discount Rate
Growing Perpetuity:
However in a perpetuity the payments remain the same throughout the life of the asset. So by using this formula, we are making the assumption that the dividends paid out across the life of the stock will be the same. Now, we know for sure that is not the case. In reality, the dividends usually grow over time. So we can use the formula for a growing perpetuity. That should give us a better approximation.
Market Price = Dividend (Next Year)/(Discount Rate – Growth Rate)
Rearrange The Formula:
So, now we can re-arrange this formula and solve for the discount rate. The discount rate is our cost of capital and it will be the output from the rearranged formula.
Discount Rate = {Dividend (Next Year)/Market Price} + Growth Rate
So, here it is! We have derived a formula which tells us an estimate of what is the cost of equity that is being demanded from this company by the market.
Estimating the Growth Rate:
Since growth rate is an important component of this formula, we need to ensure that we are using the correct growth rate. We can conduct this estimation in a couple of ways.
Growth Rate = Plowback Ratio * ROE
Plowback ratio is the amount that the company expects to retain in the business whereas ROE is the return on equity that the company historically earns on its equity investments.
It may seem a little complex and full of formulas at the beginning. But there really is just one formula. Other formulas are used to derive the components that will be used in that single formula. So calculating the Cost of Equity that is being implied by the market price shouldn’t really be that difficult.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *