Behavioural Models for Project Managers
There are several models of behaviour that the project manager can draw upon in his or her work. These include Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Herzberg’s Hygiene theory and McGregor’s theory X and theory Y as applied to project management. All these behavioural models point to the ability of the project manager to motivate the people […]
Why there are Fewer Women in the Workforce and what can be done to rectify this
The Benefits of Having More Women in the Workforce As most organisational and business experts agree, there is a business case to be made for Diversity and Inclusivity in terms of the enrichment of organisations where there are greater number of women and gender and racial minorities. Right from the variety of opinions that diversity […]
Communications Driven and Group Decision Support System
Globalization has not only expanded the product markets. It has also made organizations geographically more dispersed. Therefore, the way the business is done and decisions are made has also changed significantly. Collaborative decision-making has become more valuable than ever. This is why there is an increased emphasis on developing and implementing communications-driven group decision support […]
What is Stratification ?
Stratification is used mostly in the define stage of a six sigma project. When to use the stratification technique is still on the decision of the people involved in the project. However fairly good cues are given by the fact that the spread of the data is too large. If the points are scattered all […]
Universal Basic Income in India: Examining the Arguments For and Against the Proposal
Can a Universal Basic Income Scheme be the Game Changer for the Indian Poor? Recently, there were reports in the Indian Media about the Indian Government seriously considering introducing a minimum guaranteed income for its needy citizens and the unemployed. Combined with the other “populist” giveaways such as Farm Loan Waivers and other forms of […]
Supply Chains ride on Logistics Networks and IT Applications/Internet. In this topic a brief introduction to each of the Logistics Function/Industry is attempted.
The foundation of logistics function is based mainly on Transportation by Road, Rail, and Air & Sea.
Maritime trade has existed since times immemorial. History is replete with the major maritime routes that connected continents across the globe and enabled trade between them. Harbors and waterways have flourished in strategic locations in all countries attracting trade and commerce.
Global trade is dependant 80% on sea route than air route, simply for the fact that air route is far more expensive and is used only in case of light weight cargo, perishable cargo, and priority shipments or in other conditions where shipping would not be possible.
Shipping trade is characterized by shipping companies who own vessels and specialize in the transportation of certain types of cargo like General Cargo, Containerized cargo, bulk commodities carriers, oil tankers, gas tankers, OD cargo carriers, etc. Normally the so called mother vessels ply on the main shipping route across the continents traveling through Pacific or Atlantic oceans and calling on countries from point to point.
Mother vessels are bigger vessels with higher cargo carrying capacity. Some of the main routes normally traversed by mother vessels are the Far East to Europe and Mediterranean, Europe to America East Coast and the Gulf of Mexico, Far East Australia to South Africa, Intra Asia, Asia to the Middle East, and Europe to South Africa, etc. The schedules in detail are announced in advance for each of the vessels. The feeder vessels carry cargo from individual ports in nearby countries which discharge the cargo at the port of calling to be transshipped on to the main vessel.
Thus for example, a cargo originating in India bound for South Africa may follow the route where cargo reaches one of the ports in Ceylon or Dubai even Singapore in some cases and travels right up to Europe where in is further transshipped on another vessel bound to South Africa. Like wise the global shipping trade lanes have certain gateways and lanes which they operate and in turn are fed and supported by feeder lanes and vessels.
Shipping liner announces schedules of the vessels a few months in advance. Freight forwarding agents book space on the vessels either based on estimates or based on their pipeline orders. Depending upon the volume that the forwarder is able to give and patronize shipping lines, they get to bargain and negotiate for better rates. In general cargo, the shipments are made in FCL Containers.
FCL stands for Full Container Load. FCLs come in two sizes called 20 feet and 40 feet containers which refers to the length of the container. Each container has fixed dimension and weight carrying capacity. FCL Containers are provided by shipping lines to the freight forwarders who stuff the cargo and get the cargo sealed after customs inspection which is then picked up and loaded on the ship at the port.
Some of the major international shipping lines dominated world shipping trade is P&A, Nedlloyd, Maersk, Hapag Lloyd, American President Lines, Evergreen, NYK, HanJin, Cosco, CSCL etc.
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