Jock Taxes: Pros and Cons
In the previous article, we have already understood what Jock Taxes are. We also had a closer look at the reason why states levy jock taxes. However, there are many experts who believe that levying jock taxes is counterproductive. This is because of the fact that there are more disadvantages associated with jock taxes as […]
How Investment Bankers Help Promoters Retain Control?
Companies want to go public because it helps them raise cash, which can be used for further expansion. However, the promoters of these companies often do not want to go public since this would mean that their stakes would be diluted and that they would lose control over the company. A low promoter’s stake in […]
Strategic Finance and Sustainability
The concept of strategic finance relates to making decisions that help the firm increase its cash flow in the long run. Strategic finance is about changing the focus from short-term profits to long-term value creation. On the other hand, sustainability is about including more stakeholders in the value creation process. For instance, in the past, […]
Structuring a Hedge Fund Business
A successful business is built before there is one. The way any business is structured has very long term implications on how it is taxed. Also since markets provide almost the same return to everyone, the ability to avoid taxation is a major competitive advantage for any hedge fund. Therefore, over the years hedge funds […]
Bond Indentures and Covenants
When an investor thinks of bonds, they often think about the financial agreement between the investors and the borrowers. However, besides being financial instruments, bonds are also legal in nature. Each and every fixed-income security which is in existence has a contract that defines the rights and obligations which various parties have under different circumstances. […]
Cash Basis of Accounting uses receipts and payments of cash to record incomes and expenses. Therefore, under the cash basis of accounting, if a corporation makes salary payments of January, 3 months later in April, it will be considered as expenses in the month of April, since that is when the cash was paid. Also, if the same company pays advance salary for the month of May in April, then it will be considered as an expense for April.
Similarly, the time companies spend doing value addition to their products, shows up in the books as expenses. Only when sale is closed and cash comes in the door, is income recognized. Cash basis of accounting considers advance payments as income since the cash has been received.
There are obvious problems with cash basis of accounting. They are as follows:
It is not uncommon for firms to negotiate trade credit for themselves. Under the terms of trade credit, firms use raw materials over a period of time and then make one lump sum payment for the use. Under the cash basis of accounting, all expenses appear on the financial statements at one go when the payment is made. This clutters expenses on the financial statements.
Just like we use credit from our suppliers, the firms that deal with us also tend to use our credit. They also make our payments in one lump sum. Therefore just like the expenses, the income also tends to be cluttered.
Under the cash basis of accounting, there will be no or very little income and expenses in some months and very large income and expenses in some others. This will be because of the cluttering effect. As a result, the financials become unpredictable.
On the other hand, accrual basis of accounting, recognized income when it is earned and recognizes expenses when they are incurred:
We use a combination of cash and accrual basis of accounting. The profit and loss account and balance sheet are prepared as per accrual basis while the cash flow statement tells about the cash situation of the firm.
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An Overview of Contracts and Why They are Important to Business and Society
February 12, 2025
