The COSO Framework for Internal Control
February 12, 2025
The political framework and the structure of the legal systems anywhere across the world depend on the concept of sovereignty. The idea owes its roots to the sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe and has existed since then and is ever expanding. Sovereignty is associated with authority which are embodied in organizations like nations and states […]
There are several books that have been written about the steps that need to be undertaken in order to be able to be effectively able to implement operational risk management in an organization. However, a lot of companies fail in their endeavors. This is because very few studies have been conducted about mistakes that need […]
A team player is an individual who will unify others for a purpose by exchanging information and ideas and empower them and have trust in them. Teamwork is the potential to work together for a common vision. A good team player assists his team by using his strengths, and clearly understanding his task. He must […]
Most reinsurance treaties are structured in an excess of loss format. This means that the reinsurer is liable to pay the ceding insurer only when losses exceed a certain amount. For example, the reinsurer is liable to pay the ceding insurer all losses which are above $1 million. If the losses are below $1 million, […]
What is Future Shock and what are Its Characteristics? In the 1970s, noted Futurist, Alvin Toffler, coined the term Future Shock to describe the then emerging services sector in what was essentially a manufacturing and industry led economy. In the book, Future Shock, he explains that the world was then witnessing a shift from what […]
In the previous article, we studied about how collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are derivative instruments that have been built on top of other derivative instruments. They are complicated to understand and risky to trade. However, despite the various negative accusations against collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), they continue to be very popular. This is because they have some distinct advantages. In this article, we will have a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages which can be attributed to collateralized debt obligations (CDOs).
At first glance, it might seem like the collateralized debt obligations might create very little value. This is because of the fact that they just take one form of asset and repackage it. The entire process seems unnecessary and it may appear like it is only meant to create transaction costs and management fees. However, there are several advantages to collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) which attract people towards this instrument. They have been mentioned below:
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) have several well-documented disadvantages as well. They have been listed below:
There is a complex credit protection structure that is commonly worded into these contracts. These complex structures have to be modeled in order to find out the probability of the lower tranches not being paid. This exercise is complex since it requires the use of empirical data and probability. This complication prevents the average retail investor from successfully investing and trading in CDOs
Collateralized debt obligations have their own advantages and disadvantages. This is the reason why investors have a love-hate relationship with this financial instrument. However, there is no denying the fact that this instrument is very risky and that conservative investors should simply avoid using it.
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