Centralization and Decentralization
February 12, 2025
Supervisor has got an important role to play in factory management. Supervision means overseeing the subordinates at work at the factory level. The supervisor is a part of the management team and he holds the designation of first line managers. He/She is a person who has to perform many functions which helps in achieving productivity. […]
Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. It is a preparatory step. It is a systematic activity which determines when, how and who is going to perform a specific job. Planning is a detailed programme regarding future courses of action. It is rightly said “Well plan is half […]
Planning facilitates management by objectives. Planning begins with determination of objectives. It highlights the purposes for which various activities are to be undertaken. In fact, it makes objectives more clear and specific. Planning helps in focusing the attention of employees on the objectives or goals of enterprise. Without planning an organization has no guide. Planning […]
DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place. Directing initiates action and it is from […]
Specialization – Organizational structure is a network of relationships in which the work is divided into units and departments. This division of work is helping in bringing specialization in various activities of concern. Well defined jobs – Organizational structure helps in putting right men on right job which can be done by selecting people for […]
Functional organization has been divided to put the specialists in the top position throughout the enterprise. This is an organization in which we can define as a system in which functional department are created to deal with the problems of business at various levels.
Functional authority remains confined to functional guidance to different departments. This helps in maintaining quality and uniformity of performance of different functions throughout the enterprise.
The concept of Functional organization was suggested by F.W. Taylor who recommended the appointment of specialists at important positions.
For example, the functional head and Marketing Director directs the subordinates throughout the organization in his particular area. This means that subordinates receives orders from several specialists, managers working above them.
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