Creating a Revenue Model
February 12, 2025
The retail sector has been under significant financial distress in the recent past. An alarmingly large number of retail companies are facing bankruptcy proceedings in courts across the world. However, it needs to be understood that bankruptcy proceedings and liquidations are not a preferred solution for creditors either. Before creditors initiate bankruptcy, they generally try […]
Technology is the elephant in the room as far as pension funds are concerned. There is no meeting or conference where pension funds are discussed but the manner in which technology impacts these pension funds is not discussed. There are many experts who believe that technology is the future and hence pension funds must prioritize […]
Just like we have the single stage Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) model, we also have the Free Cash Flow to Equity model. This model also is not used by analysts in advanced calculations. Rather it is used for the most rudimentary back of the envelope calculations for deriving the equity valuation of […]
Whenever a person from the baby boomer generation hears the term pension plan, they refer to defined benefit pension plans. Defined benefit pension plans were the predominant type of pension plan just a few decades ago. In the 1980s, defined benefit plans accounted for over 80% of all types of pension plans which were offered […]
The budgeting process is an integral part of any business. The budgeting process is ubiquitous and underlies almost every decision in the corporate world. In fact, critics of the budgeting process argue that the process takes too much of the management’s time. The management typically spends 25% to 30% of four months of their time […]
In the previous article, we studied the cost modeling process. We understood the various steps which have to be undertaken in order to model costs. However, we also need to understand that cost modeling is an iterative process. This means that a company creates a cost model, runs the numbers, compares those numbers with their competitors, and then makes some changes to ensure that they are on par or better than their competitors.
This is because, to a large extent, costs are the only component which a business has total control over. Revenues are driven by the market, and hence, the business cannot completely control them. It is common for companies to use financial modeling to make many important decisions. Some of these important decisions have been mentioned below:
R&D departments usually model costs from a process point of view. They then use these models to identify pain points so that the output of the research has immediate application for the firm.
Suppliers providing just in time delivery are usually on the expensive side. However, holding inventory also has a cost. The company has to pay rent for the godowns. There is a cost associated with maintaining those godowns. Often times there is breakage as well as pilferage.
Lastly, the company also has to pay interest on the funds blocked by inventory. Creating a financial model which can compare both these expenses has wide applications in decision making.
In some places where rents, as well as interest rates, are low, holding on to inventory might be a good idea. On the other hand, if these rates are high, paying a premium to the supplier might be a better idea. In both these cases, cost models help the company accurately compare costs and make the right decision.
Cost models allow the company to decide whether they want to rent or buy. This decision then has an effect on the larger financial model.
For instance, if the company decides to rent, they are increasing their operating leverage since now they would have an additional fixed expense.
On the other hand, if a company decides to buy, they may have to pay interest if they have borrowed the capital to do so. The line items, as well as the amounts in the financial model, get impacted by the lease vs. buy decision.
For instance, Nike has outsourced most of its production to companies in poor countries like Bangladesh.
Instead of outsourcing to other suppliers, Nike could have set up an in house center in Bangladesh themselves. However, the problem is that Nike would have to comply with a lot of regulation. This would have cost a lot of money. This is the sort of decision making that is enabled by a detailed cost model.
Cost models enable companies to simulate where they would be if they took both the decisions. Decision-makers can look at the probable finances in both cases and choose the probable option.
However, nowadays, because of the trade war, import duties have also become an important factor. Cost models help to identify all these factors as well as the quantum of impact which they have on the overall cost. Simulations are then run based on the variables which are likely to change.
The bottom line is that offshoring vs. onshoring decision requires a lot of complex calculations. These calculations are easily accomplished with the help of cost models.
There are many more such decisions which are made with the help of a cost model. Cost modelling is an important tool for making strategic as well as operational decisions.
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