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12902 Coordination and Cooperation

Co-ordination is an orderly arrangement of efforts to provide unity of action in the fulfillment of common objective whereas co-operation denotes collective efforts of persons working in an enterprise voluntarily for the achievement of a particular purpose. It is the willingness of individuals to help each other. Co-ordination is an effort to integrate effectively energies […]

11516 Techniques of Scientific Management

Time Study It is a technique which enables the manager to ascertain standard time taken for performing a specified job. Every job or every part of it is studied in detail. This technique is based on the study of an average worker having reasonable skill and ability. Average worker is selected and assigned the job […]

10224 Management and Administration

According to Theo Haimann, “Administration means overall determination of policies, setting of major objectives, the identification of general purposes and laying down of broad programmes and projects”. It refers to the activities of higher level. It lays down basic principles of the enterprise. According to Newman, “Administration means guidance, leadership & control of the efforts […]

10228 5 Functions of Management: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling

Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning & regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are […]

8827 What is Management?

Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations – business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through […]

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  1. Principles of Management are Universal

    1. Management principles are applicable to all kinds of organizations - business & non business.
    2. They are applicable to all levels of management.
    3. Every organization must make best possible use by the use of management principles.
    4. Therefore, they are universal or all pervasive.

  2. Principles of Management are Flexible

    1. Management principles are dynamic guidelines and not static rules.
    2. There is sufficient room for managerial discretion i.e. they can be modified as per the requirements of the situation.
    3. Modification & improvement is a continuous phenomenon in case of principles of management.

  3. Principles of Management have a Cause & Effect Relationship

    1. Principles of management indicate cause and effect relationship between related variables.
    2. They indicate what will be the consequence or result of certain actions. Therefore, if one is known, the other can be traced.

  4. Principles of Management - Aims at Influencing Human Behavior

    1. Human behavior is complex and unpredictable.
    2. Management principles are directed towards regulating human behavior so that people can give their best to the organization.
    3. Management is concerned with integrating efforts and harmonizing them towards a goal.
    4. But in certain situations even these principles fail to understand human behavior.

  5. Principles of Management are of Equal Importance

    1. All management principles are equally important.
    2. No particular principle has greater importance than the other.
    3. They are all required together for the achievement of organizational goals.

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