Creating a Revenue Model
February 12, 2025
One of the Most Important Uses of Discounting The present value of a bond is the sum of all the future cash flows that can be derived from it. In this sense, the valuation of bonds really becomes simple, isn’t it? All we need to do is find out the future stream of payments that […]
Pension funds are one of the most regulated financial investment vehicles in the world. Pension funds all over the world are subject to various types of restrictions. These restrictions affect every part of the pension funds’ operations. The governance mechanisms have to rigorously be followed while funds are being taken in, invested, accounted for, and […]
When we think about investment banks, as well as the activities that they undertake, we tend to think about initial public offerings, debt syndication, and other such activities that are very visible to the public eye. However, the reality is that a lot of investments that are routed via investment banks are actually private placements. […]
Scenario analysis is at the heart of financial modeling. In fact, in many cases, a financial model is created solely so that the management is able to conduct scenario analysis before they can arrive at a decision. This article will provide more information about scenario analysis and its application in the financial modeling domain. What […]
In the previous article, we have already seen how the valuation of a sporting franchise can be found using the income approach. This approach relies extensively on finding out the cash flow that is likely to accrue to the sporting franchise and then discounting it at a predetermined discount rate in order to find out […]
Financial modeling enables key personnel to make better decisions. These models are used for various types of decision making. Hence, one model cannot be used for all types of decision making. As a result, several different types of models have to be created. Each of these models’ requires different inputs and provides different outputs. A good financial modeler should be aware of the basics of these different types of models. This is the reason that they have been explained in detail below.
It is important to understand that financial modeling is not a method wherein an exact process is followed, and exact results are obtained. Instead, the reality is that financial modeling is only a framework or a set of guidelines which are used to derive numerous financial models.
There are various types of models which are created for different types of decisions. Some of the important ones have been listed below:
Profitability analysis of a firm is different from capacity planning. Capacity planning is done keeping only operational considerations in mind. However, profitability analysis and planning takes a holistic view. Usually, such models enable companies to decide on an optimal product mix which would enable maximum profitability.
Needless to say, such models are operational in nature. Hence, their complexity is low since assumptions are being made only about the immediate future. It is not feasible to spend time in long term profitability planning. This is because it is not possible to accurately predict the variables over long periods of time.
There are financial models which enable companies to keep track of their solvency. These models take into account factors such as interest rates and currency valuations.
The models also account for loans which may have a call option and hence may exert pressure on the finances of the firm in the short term. Companies could simulate extreme economic conditions to see whether they would continue to remain solvent if these conditions became a reality.
Hence, corporations need to decide whether or not they are willing to extend credit to a third party. If so, the next question is how much credit are they willing to extend.
There are financial models which help companies make this decision. Such models take in information from credit rating agencies and the publicly declared financials of their customers to decide how much credit should be extended to them. The limitation of these models is that they only work if the customers publish their financials or if they are rated by credit rating agencies.
Since there are so many variables to consider, this cannot be done with the help of a simple spreadsheet or simple programming. There are specialist software firms who create the tools required for this kind of decision making.
Also, companies need to derive their fair value automatically and on time. These financial models have become the backbone of modern technology-based trading systems. This is because firstly these models are able to quickly factor in any changes in the underlying variables and come up with a fair value in a matter of minutes.
Secondly, this value is then fed into a trading algorithm which then buys these instruments whenever they go below the calculated fair value.
Paying human traders is an expensive affair for many trading desks. This is because traders charge big commissions. On the other hand, financial models help automate the entire process and save on the commissions.
Companies have been trying to build financial models which can make decisions exactly like a well-trained trader. However, they have not been able to do so until now. With the advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence, this might not be such a far-fetched dream in the future.
Hence, making an attempt to learn financial modeling is like making an attempt to learn entire finance. Wherever there is a financial decision to be made, financial modeling is possible.
Therefore, it isn’t possible to be an expert in the area of financial modeling a whole. Instead, a student would be better off choosing a particular area and then focusing their efforts.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *