Advantages of Subscription-Based Banking
Commercial banks were first hesitant to adopt a subscription-based revenue model. This is because it was widely believed that such a revenue model would lead to a drop in revenue for the banks and hence would be unsustainable in the long run. However, over the years, several studies have been conducted. The results of the […]
Implied Dividend Growth Rate
We are now aware of the various models that are used for equity valuation like Gordon model, H model, 2 stage model etc. in each of these models, we were assuming that the given inputs are dividend, dividend growth rates and time horizon, The output that we expected from these models was the current stock […]
Strategic Use of Land in Infrastructure Financing
A lot of developing countries do not have the finances required to build large scale infrastructure projects. However, these countries do have large parcels of lands in urban areas. There is a dire need for infrastructure projects in the developing world. Cities like Beijing, Mumbai, Karachi and Bangkok are bursting at their seams due to […]
Scalability and Startups
Scalability is considered to be a very important factor in any start-up company. Investors all over the world are highly impressed by scalable business models and prefer investing in the same. However, many people in the start-up community still do not have a clear idea about what scalability is. In this article, we will have […]
Tax Co-operation: A Primer
The modern world is globalized. This means that free movement of goods, services, people as well as capital is allowed across the globe. This has important implications for governments. A globalized system means that tax systems can no longer work in a vacuum. The tax systems are continuously interacting with other tax systems, whether the […]
An organization in order to raise money divides its entire capital into small units of equal value. Each unit is called a share.
A share is nothing but an indivisible unit of a company’s capital to be sold among individuals to increase profit of the organization.
An individual owning one or more than one share of an organization is called a shareholder. In simpler words, an individual purchasing one or more than one share from any private or public organization is called a shareholder.
Why do people invest in shares ?
An organization pays the shareholders for investing in their company’s shares. The income earned by an individual by investing in an organization’s share (private or public) is called as dividend.
What is Retained Earnings ?
The profit earned by an organization is put into use in the following two ways:
What is a Share Certificate ?
When an individual purchases shares from any organization, he/she is issued a certificate as a proof of his investment. Such a certificate issued by an organization to the shareholders is called a share certificate.
Equity shares also called as ordinary shares are the shares where the payment of dividend is directly proportional to the profits earned by the organization. Higher the profits earned, higher the dividend, lower the profits, and lower the dividend. In an equity share, dividends are paid at a fluctuating/floating rate.
Shares which enjoy preference over payment of dividends are called preference shares. Shareholders enjoy fixed rate of dividends in case of preference shares.
Shares held by the management or founders of the organization are called as founder shares.
Bonus shares are often issued to the shareholders when the organization earns surplus profits. The company officials may decide to pay the extra profits to the shareholders either as cash (dividend) or issue a bonus share to them.
Bonus shares are often issued by organizations to the shareholders free of charge as a gift in proportion to their existing shares with the organization.
How to buy shares ?
A stock market is a platform for trading of company’s shares at an agreed rate.
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