Factors Affecting Levels of Pay
Skills, Experience and Performance This is the basic determinant of the pay that is given to an employee. This is the entry-level criterion wherein the skills of the employee are first determined and the pay fixed accordingly. Next, the performance of the employee during the appraisal period forms the basis for the salary hike and […]
Pros and Cons of Freemium Model
In the previous article, we have already learned what a freemium business model is. We now know that this model is widely used amongst the start-up community. We also know that this business model has several variations. In this article, we will have a closer look at what are the pros and cons of a […]
Motivational Challenges
Motivation seems to be a simple function of management in books, but in practice it is more challenging. The reasons for motivation being challenging job are as follows: One of the main reasons of motivation being a challenging job is due to the changing workforce. The employees become a part of their organization with various […]
Writing a Leadership Development Plan
Preparing a leadership development plan is not an easy task. The entire process involves a comprehensive effort and careful planning at every stage. Various steps go into the development of a leadership development plan. The process starts with an initial phase of self-assessment and the data collected from self-assessments is then used for defining the […]
Proven Quality Management Tools for Professionals
Quality Management tools help organization collect and analyze data for employees to easily understand and interpret information. Quality Management models require extensive planning and collecting relevant information about end-users. Customer feedbacks and expectations need to be carefully monitored and evaluated to deliver superior quality products. Quality Management tools help employees identify the common problems which […]
Science is a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a specific field of study that contains general facts which explains a phenomenon. It establishes cause and effect relationship between two or more variables and underlines the principles governing their relationship. These principles are developed through scientific method of observation and verification through testing.
Science is characterized by following main features:
Management also contains some fundamental principles which can be applied universally like the Principle of Unity of Command i.e. one man, one boss. This principle is applicable to all type of organization - business or non business.
Management principles are also based on scientific enquiry & observation and not only on the opinion of Henry Fayol. They have been developed through experiments & practical experiences of large no. of managers. E.g. it is observed that fair remuneration to personal helps in creating a satisfied work force.
The same is true for management, therefore it also establishes cause and effect relationship. E.g. lack of parity (balance) between authority & responsibility will lead to ineffectiveness. If you know the cause i.e. lack of balance, the effect can be ascertained easily i.e. in effectiveness. Similarly if workers are given bonuses, fair wages they will work hard but when not treated in fair and just manner, reduces productivity of organization.
Principles of management can also be tested for validity. E.g. principle of unity of command can be tested by comparing two persons - one having single boss and one having 2 bosses. The performance of 1st person will be better than 2nd.
It cannot be denied that management has a systematic body of knowledge but it is not as exact as that of other physical sciences like biology, physics, and chemistry etc. The main reason for the inexactness of science of management is that it deals with human beings and it is very difficult to predict their behavior accurately.
Since it is a social process, therefore it falls in the area of social sciences. It is a flexible science & that is why its theories and principles may produce different results at different times and therefore it is a behavior science. Ernest Dale has called it as a Soft Science.
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