Management as a Process
As a process, management refers to a series of inter-related functions. It is the process by which management creates, operates and directs purposive organization through systematic, coordinated and co-operated human efforts. According to George R. Terry, “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objective […]
Importance of Management
It helps in Achieving Group Goals – It arranges the factors of production, assembles and organizes the resources, integrates the resources in effective manner to achieve goals. It directs group efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals. By defining objective of organization clearly there would be no wastage of time, money and effort. Management converts disorganized […]
Management as an Art
Art implies application of knowledge & skill to trying about desired results. An art may be defined as personalized application of general theoretical principles for achieving best possible results. Art has the following characters – Practical Knowledge: Every art requires practical knowledge therefore learning of theory is not sufficient. It is very important to know […]
Levels of Management – Top, Middle and Lower
The term “Levels of Management” refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The number of levels in management increases when the size of the business and work force increases and vice versa. The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by […]
Objectives of Management
The main objectives of management are: Getting Maximum Results with Minimum Efforts – The main objective of management is to secure maximum outputs with minimum efforts & resources. Management is basically concerned with thinking & utilizing human, material & financial resources in such a manner that would result in best combination. This combination results in […]
Both the persons have contributed to development of science of management. The contribution of these two pioneers in the field of science of management has been reviewed as “The work of Taylor & Fayol was, of course, especially complementary. They both realized that problem of personnel & its management at all levels is the key to individual success. Both applied scientific method to this problem that Taylor worked primarily from operative level, from bottom to upward, while Fayol concentrated on managing director and work downwards, was merely a reflection of their very different careers”. They both differ from each other in following aspects: -
Similarity - Both emphasized mutual co-operation between employment and employees.
Fayol’s theory is more widely applicable than that of Taylor, although Taylor’s philosophy has undergone a big change Under influence of modern development, but Fayol’s principles of management have stood the test of time and are still being accepted as the core of management theory.
According to Psychologists, Taylor’s study had following drawbacks: -
| Basis | Taylor | Fayol |
| Human aspect | Taylor disregards human elements and there is more stress on improving men, materials and methods | Fayol pays due regards on human element. E.g. Principle of initiative, Espirit De’ Corps and Equity recognizes a need for human relations |
| Status | Father of scientific management | Father of management principles |
| Efficiency & administration | Stressed on efficiency | Stressed on general administration |
| Approach | It has micro-approach because it is restricted to factory only | It has macro-approach and discuses general principles of management which are applicable in every field of management. |
| Scope of principles | These principles are restricted to production activities | These are applicable in all kinds of organization regarding their management affairs |
| Achievement | Scientific management | Administrative management |
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