Digital Payments: What they are, How they Work, and their Benefits and Problems
In recent months, all of us have heard extensively about the “war on cash”, the move to make India and other countries “cashless economies” and the general trend among policymakers worldwide to move the economies of the world to a digital and information enabled paradigm. In this context, it is worth noting that the emphasis […]
The Need for Person Independence in Software Project Management
The Perils of Person Dependence Imagine you are a project manager of a software project and are managing multiple resources. If by chance, one of your employees has an emergency (personal or otherwise) and has to take leave suddenly, your first priority should be to ensure that the employee gets time off and next, you […]
Characteristics of Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a well-known management breakthrough. There is a dearth of experts who have defined the process in their own way and have come up with a long list of characteristics. However, according to us this performs a task of confusing people rather than actually giving them insight into the way Six Sigma actually […]
Why Facebook must be Prevented from being used to Interfere in Elections Worldwide
How Facebook can be used to Influence and Interfere in Elections Worldwide It is a known fact that social media, while easing communications and connecting Billions of people worldwide, can also be used by political parties, unscrupulous and malevolent actors, and even businesses and corporate entities to manipulate public opinion and to influence the outcomes […]
Introduction to E-Procurement – Tools, Application and its Benefits
Introduction In layman’s term, e-procurement is nothing but electronic data transfer to support operational, tactical and strategic procurement. E-procurement has been existence for long time in one form or the other earlier it was done through electronic data interchange. In today’s environment, most of the e-procurement is done through the Internet. Traditionally, procurement of supplies […]
An information system is integrated and co-ordinate network of components, which combine together to convert data into information.
An information system is essentially made up of five components hardware, software, database, network and people. These five components integrate to perform input, process, output, feedback and control.
Information processing consists of input; data process, data storage, output and control.
During input stage data instructions are fed to the systems which during process stage are worked upon by software programs and other queries.
During output stage, data is presented in structured format and reports.
In any given organization information system can be classified based on the usage of the information. Therefore, an information system in an organization can be divided into operations support system and management support system.
In an organization, data input is done by the end user which is processed to generate information products i.e. reports, which are utilized by internal and or external users. Such a system is called operation support system.
The purpose of the operation support system is to facilitate business transaction, control production, support internal as well as external communication and update organization central database.
The operation support system is further divided into a transaction-processing system, processing control system and enterprise collaboration system.
In manufacturing organization, there are several types of transaction across department.
Typical organizational departments are Sales, Account, Finance, Plant, Engineering, Human Resource and Marketing. Across which following transaction may occur sales order, sales return, cash receipts, credit sales; credit slips, material accounting, inventory management, depreciation accounting, etc.
These transactions can be categorized into batch transaction processing, single transaction processing and real time transaction processing.
In a manufacturing organization, certain decisions are made by a computer system without any manual intervention. In this type of system, critical information is fed to the system on a real-time basis thereby enabling process control. This kind of systems is referred as process control systems.
In recent times, there is more stress on team effort or collaboration across different functional teams. A system which enables collaborative effort by improving communication and sharing of data is referred to as an enterprise collaboration system.
Managers require precise information in a specific format to undertake an organizational decision. A system which facilitates an efficient decision making process for managers is called management support system.
Management support systems are essentially categorized as management information system, decision support system, expert system and accounting information system.
Management information system provides information to manager facilitating the routine decision-making process. Decision support system provides information to manager facilitating specific issue related solution.
An information system can be categorized based upon activity into strategic planning system, tactical information system and operational information system.
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Communication Systems and Groupware – Information System Concepts that Apply in All Functional Areas of Business
February 12, 2025
